Under the leadership of academician AN BSSR IA. Bulygina, who headed the work of the Institute from 1953 to 1984, in close contact with morphologists, biochemists and clinicians, studied the role of interoceptive reflexes in the activity of the organism, established the chain nature of the reactions of internal organs to stimulation of intero- and exteroreceptors in pain and food The structural and functional organization of vegetative ganglia and the peripheral (vegetative) nervous system has been studied in detail, methods have been developed for directional modification and restoration Structures and functions of internal organs in pathology.
In the period from 1984 to 2005, the Institute was headed by the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus V.N. Gurin . The main areas of research during this period included the study of the general patterns of activity of nerve centers that provide for regulation of the functions of internal organs. Investigation of systemic mechanisms of regulation of body temperature and compensatory and restorative processes in tissues under the action of physically active substances. Analysis of nervous and humoral mechanisms of function regulation under extreme effects and unfavorable influences of environmental factors.
Management of the Institute from 2005 to 2010 was carried out by academician of the NAS of Belarus V.S. Trickster . The most important directions of scientific activity: studying the mechanisms of formation of pathological conditions of the organism and justification of new technologies for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation; neurophysiological analysis of the mechanisms controlling vital body functions in normal and pathological conditions; Study of molecular mechanisms of proliferation, differentiation and oncogenesis. Study of the physiological and therapeutic effect of physical factors and the development of new technologies for physiotherapy and physiotherapy equipment.
Since 2010, the director of the Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus is Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, I.V. Zalutsky. Maintaining and developing the traditional research directions conducted at the Institute over the past few years, the main scientific activity of the units in the present period is focused on studying the mechanisms of formation of pathological conditions of the organism (primarily hypoxic and neurodestructive) and justifying new technologies for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.Particular attention is paid to the development of complex methods of treatment of malignant tumors using metabolic blockade effectors and high-intensity pulsed magnetic fields and methods for controlling the proliferation of tumor cells based on changes in the functional state of the neuroreceptors in vitro and in vivo, as well as developing an immunotherapy method for patients suffering from pancreatic cancer , using autologous dendritic cells primed with tumor antigens and elucidation of new mechanisms of tumorigenesis the rationale for prevention.Molecular mechanisms of proliferation, differentiation and oncogenesis are being studied; physiological and therapeutic effects of physical factors and the development of new technologies for physiotherapy and physiotherapy equipment and experimental analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the use of nanoparticles and heterocyclic compounds in biomedical technologies. Neurophysiological bases of the dysregulation of the functions of internal organs under ischemia of nervous tissue of various genesis are studied. Work on the physiology of nutrition and spot. Pre-clinical studies of medicines and nanomaterials are conducted.